abstract Safwan Akhtar

ABSTRACT

The growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the way we understand intellectual property (IP) and raising important legal and ethical concerns worldwide. As AI systems become capable of creating art, music, inventions, and written content, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine who should be considered as the creator or owner of such outputs.

This paper explores whether existing IP laws, particularly copyright and patent systems, are sufficient to deal with these changes or if new legal approaches are needed. At the same time, the growth and control of AI technologies are largely concentrated in a few powerful countries and corporations. This creates an imbalance, where developing nations may struggle to access or benefit from these advancements. The paper highlights how this unequal distribution challenges the idea of global equity and raises concerns about fairness in the digital age. It also examines the concept of digital sovereignty, where countries seek greater control over their data and technological systems, often leading to different and sometimes conflicting regulatory approaches.

In addition, the paper discusses key issues such as data ownership, algorithmic bias, and the broader impact of AI on human rights, including privacy, freedom of expression, and access to knowledge. By reviewing international frameworks and national laws, the study suggests the need for more flexible and inclusive legal systems. It argues that a balanced approach—one that protects innovation while also safeguarding human rights—is essential to ensure that AI benefits society as a whole and supports a more just and equitable global order.

KEYWORDS

Artificial Intelligence; Intellectual Property; Digital Sovereignty; Human Rights; Global Equity