Data Protection and Regulation of Markets from Anti Competitive Practices in the Artificially Intelligent World Tejaswini Dewangan

Data Protection and Regulation of Markets from Anti-Competitive Practices in the Artificially Intelligent World. A Study of legal measures in India, The U.S and The U.K

Ms. Tejaswini Dewangan¹

Abstract

The importance of data protection and the regulation of anti-competitive practices can be visibly traced by growing digital economies. In a steadily rising digital world where artificial intelligence is pervasive, the protection of data and the regulation of markets become necessary to prevent anti-competitive practices that have become critical issues for governments, businesses, and individuals. Data is often described as ‘new oil’ in economic growth, innovation, and technological advancement. However, its misuse can lead to privacy violations, market monopolies, and unfair trade practices. India, the United States (US), and the United Kingdom (UK) have each developed unique frameworks to address these challenges, balancing innovation with consumer protection and fair competition. This paper examines the data protection regimes and anti-competitive regulations in these three jurisdictions by comparing these systems, the researcher aims to highlight best practices and identify areas for improvement in safeguarding personal data and ensuring competitive markets. India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, along with Digital Personal Data Protection Rule, 2025 establishes a centralized framework, while the US relies on a fragmented, sector-specific approach, and the UK adheres to the robust UK GDPR post-Brexit. In regulating anti-competitive practices, India’s Competition Commission, the US’s antitrust laws, and the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority address challenges posed by digital markets, though each faces unique hurdles. The paper examines the strengths and limitations of these systems, highlighting issues such as implementation delays, regulatory fragmentation, and the complexities of digital monopolies. Recommendations include harmonizing standards, updating laws for digital markets, and fostering global cooperation to address cross-border challenges. This analysis underscores the need for balanced, adaptive frameworks to protect data sovereignty and promote competitive markets in the digital age.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection, regulation of market, competition, Anti-competitive practices, Antitrust laws.